Sunday, May 31, 2020
Advantages of Learning Languages - Free Essay Example
Advantages of learning languages In this globalized world that is fast paced and hyper connected, learning diverse languages equips one with several advantages. There are personal, social and cultural benefits that are associated with learning diverse languages. Individuals that learn many languages are able to boost their mental power. This is because earning a new language puts the brain into the task of recognizing new language through being able to express oneself through different ideas. This makes the brain into being more sharp on the skills of such as problem solving. Reading and negotiation. Learning new languages enables the individuals to develop the abilities of multitasking. People who are able to learn and understand other languages completely are able to cope with activities that are demanding and stressful since they have developed their brain into multi-tasking in a challenging task of learning a new language. These capabilities are transferred even into other activities hence they are able to juggle from one activity to another with minimal distraction. The last advantages of learning new languages are that one is able to improve his or her memories as well as developing a mind that is more attentive and keener. Since learning new languages entail applying new information to the brain through familiarizing oneself with new vocabularies and thereafter memorizing these new pieces of information, this process leads to strengthening the memory of the brain. Brains that are familiarized with new information and are kept active through exercising the new information learnt such through recalling the new words learnt, makes the brain to improve greatly on its memory capacity. The same applies in making the mind being keener and alert. Individuals that learn new languages become critical thinkers since they have developed their minds and molded them into being more perceptive.
Saturday, May 16, 2020
Is Wind Power A Successful Source Of Energy - 854 Words
There are some requirements that are needed to make wind power a successful source of energy. Wind power must still compete with conventional generation sources on a cost basis. Depending on how energetic a wind site is, the wind farm may or may not be cost competitive. Even though the cost of wind power has decreased dramatically in the past 10 years, the technology requires a higher initial investment than fossil-fueled generators. Good wind sites are often located in remote locations, far from cities where the electricity is needed. Transmission lines must be built to bring the electricity from the wind farm to the city. Wind resource development may not be the most profitable use of the land. Land suitable for wind turbine installation must compete with alternative uses for the land, which may be more highly valued than electricity generation. Vermont perfectly matches most of the advantages. First, it is an environmentally conscious State, and we can cut pollution from fossil fu els by using wind and other alternative energy sources, as nations gather this week in Paris to confront the serious long-term dangers of fossil fuels and climate change. Though the construction costs of the wind towers are substantial, in the long run thanks to lower operating costs wind will compete favorably with fossil fuels and will save money. The consumer can find a lot of savings in costs to be achieved from using wind power. The cost of wind power hasShow MoreRelatedThe Proposal For Renewables, The Proposition Of Cogeneration936 Words à |à 4 Pagesis such that waste heat from power generators will be recovered to increase the overall efficiency of fuel consumption. With the development of cogeneration units, heat can be much more easily and efficiently stored, and even further, such units could be ramped up whenever power is needed and the heat would be stored for later. To provide an incentive for cogeneration units, Energiewende set a bonus for each kW-h of power produ ced by the cogeneration unitââ¬âthis power has priority on the grid. WithRead MoreEssay about Fossil Fuel is Running Out974 Words à |à 4 Pagessustainability and renewable energy sources. As the world slowly progresses towards this idea of renewable energy, many people are wondering which renewable energy source will last the longest. Though all renewable energy resources are better than the current depleting fossil fuels, the most promising renewable energy resource will depend on where the problem lies geographically. Therefore, for the northeast region of the United States, specifically Massachusetts, wind power proves to be the most promisingRead MoreWhy Wind Energy Is Important?1471 Words à |à 6 Pagesâ⬠¢ Introduction....................................................p.1 â⬠¢ Why Wind energy is important? ...........................p.1 â⬠¢ Installed capacity of renewable energy in India..........p.2 â⬠¢ Advantages.....................................................p.3 â⬠¢ Economy of one wind farm..................................p.4 â⬠¢ Government contribution....................................p.4 â⬠¢ Challenges............................................................p.5 â⬠¢ Suggestion for ImprovementRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1474 Words à |à 6 Pagespeople across the globe. Industries began to mass excavate large amounts of coal in order to produce electricity to light the homes of these people. However, big business wasnââ¬â¢t aware or concerned about possible environmental damage that was occurring. Power plants sprung up across America which would produce waste in the forms of different types of pollution that would have quite an impact on the surroundings. As a result, individuals started to become aware of the effects of pollution. A phenomenon,Read More Human Development and the Importance of Wind Energy Conversion581 Words à |à 3 PagesHuman Development and the Importance of Wind Energy Conversion For human development to continue, we will ultimately need to find sources of renewable or virtually inexhaustible energy. Its difficult to imagine this, but even if we find several hundred or even thousand years of coal and natural gas supplies, what will humans do for the next 250,000 years or so after they are depleted? Even the most apparently inexhaustible sources like fusion involve the generation of large amounts of wasteRead MoreWind Power: A Resource for the Future1717 Words à |à 7 Pagesï » ¿Wind Power: A Resource for the Future Coal, natural gas, and oil are three major sources of energy commonly used in the worlds industrial nations. They are relatively inexpensive, easy to use, and not difficult to transport. However, disasters associated with these energy sources do occur. In coalmines, there are dangers from explosions, mine collapse, flooding, and the constant threat of dust and gases. The oil spills from Exxon Valdez and, more recently, the British Petroleum rig in the GulfRead MoreThe Effect Of Wind On The Earth Essay1471 Words à |à 6 Pagesearth we can say that wind vitality is an effective option to fossil fills and is a clean manifestation of energy.it don t result in natural contamination. Wind force is the transformation of wind vitality into usable form.wind turbines are utilized for the change of wind vitality to electrical power,wind factories are utilized for mechanical power,and wind pumps are utilized for water pumping or waste purposes or for cruising push ships. Wind ranches comprises of a few wind turbines joined withRead MoreNew Energy for the Future1358 Words à |à 6 PagesNew Energy for the Future For years man has relied on energy in order to be successful in life. The industrial revolution relied on coal for the new inventions brought into the world. Life as has never been the same since then. However since that time, there has been little done to improve on energy efficiency and humans still primarily rely on fossil fuels for energy. For over a hundred years the Earth has become more polluted and dirtier than ever before. Now, with new, innovative technology thereRead MoreSWOT Analysis for Siemes1131 Words à |à 4 Pagesstrongholds in alternative energy sources, the lure of expanding innovation, and the risk of complacence-induced obsolescence. The race for global leadership in alterative energy is on; what steps will best enable Siemens to capitalize upon their existing strengths, minimize vulnerabilities, and fortify themselves as a global leader? Strategic Analysis: Based upon their finite nature, the time is coming where the world will be unable to depend upon fossil fuels for energy. The economic lessons weRead MoreThe Cost Of Fossil Fuels1147 Words à |à 5 PagesEnergy Policy Sheldon Fogle Telescope to Microscope April 22, 2015 Global Crisis Our species as a whole is very successful in many advancements such as technology, in society all together, and just overall in life but, currently we are failing our environment. Since our world is an immense place that consumes so much energy our demand is high. The ultimate goal is to no longer rely on nonrenewable energy sources, which we so strongly rely on today. Baby Steps are being
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Mohandas Gandhi and Nelson Mandela - 746 Words
Two of the most famous leaders Mohandas Gandhi in India and Nelson Mandela in African. There are many notable peacemakers who are famous in recent history. Mohandas Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869 and Nelson Mandela was born on July 18, 1918. One many have heard about, and the other some might not have heard about. However, they both are well known for many of their good deeds. This essay will show how much the two leaders are different and similar. Mohandas Gandhi was born in Porbandar, India and was killed by a fanatic, he studied law and came to advocate for the rights of Indians, both at home and in South Africa. Gandhi became a leader of Indias independence movement, organizing boycotts against British institutions in peacefulâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Nelson Mandelas father, who was destined to be a chief, served as a counselor to tribal chiefs for several years, but lost both his title and fortune over a dispute. He said, I hate race discrimination most intensely and in all its manifestations. I have fought it all during my life; I fight it now, and will do so until the end of my days. And Those who conduct themselves with morality, integrity and consistency need not fear the forces of inhumanity and cruelty. Similarities they were both leaders, but in different areas. Gandhi was a leader of India. Nelson Mandela was a leader of South Africa. However, both of them have South Africa in common as Gandhi followed his sense of morality to become a political activist and champion of non-violent revolution in South Africa for the Indians living there both Nelson Mandela and Gandhi are well-known in their countries as very honorable men for the changes they made. Both of them worked to change their countries for the better. Gandhi is thought to be an icon of peace in his country. Both Nelson Mandela and Gandhi had seen the discrimination that went on in South Africa. Nelson Mandela had a hand as well as Gandhi to see a reconciliation of the people in South African and the Indians there. While Gandhi achieved success in leading the Indian people of India, Nelson Mandela fought for his native South African people. However,Show MoreRelatedThe Beliefs And Achievements Of Nelson Mandela And Mohandas Gandhi853 Words à |à 4 Pagesachievements of Nelson Mandela and Mohandas Gandhi have made positive impacts on society throughout global history. They both helped people fight the restrictions against them in order to earn what they deserved; freedom. Mandela never stopped helping people achieve equal rights. Gandhi saw people were being mistreated so he took action by boycotting. Both men fought hard to earn the rights that people sill currently have today. In the 1960s, one of Sharpevilleââ¬â¢s leaders, Nelson Mandela was put in prisonRead MoreMohandas Gandhi, Nelson Mandela, and Martin Luther King Jr. were True Inspirations608 Words à |à 2 PagesA man known as the ââ¬Å"father of the Indian nationâ⬠, Mohandas Gandhi, also known as Mahatma, was a man of true inspiration. He inspired well known civil-rights leaders Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela, and also revolutionary scientist Einstein. Gandhi was well known for using peaceful methods such as peace marches, boycotts, and sit-ins. Most people could call Gandhi the father of peace, for it was he who help the world recognize the effectiveness of non-violence. Gandhiââ¬â¢s peaceful ideals helpRead MoreGandhi, King and Mandela: What Made Non-Violence Work?797 Words à |à 4 Pagesï » ¿ Gandhi, King, and Mandela: What Made Non-Violence Work? All through history governments and empires have been overthrown or defeated primarily by the violence of those who oppose them. This violence was usually successful however, there have been several situations, when violence failed, that protesters have had to turn to other methods. Non-violent protesting never seemed to be the right course of action until the ideology of Mohandas Gandhi spread and influenced successful protests acrossRead MoreWhat Made Non Violence Work1154 Words à |à 5 PagesGandhi and Mandela: What Made Non-Violence Work? Background Essay The history of violence in the world is well documented. However it is also possible to use non-violence to bring about change. This DBQ will look at two countries where a non-violent movement was successful. Historic Context India and South Africa were two important nations on two different continents. But although they looked strong on the outside, each one suffered from a disease that threatened the health ofRead MoreGandhi : Gandhi And Influential Religious Political Leaders Of The Twentieth Century1464 Words à |à 6 PagesMohandas Karamchand Gandhi was one of the most admired and influential religious political leaders of the twentieth century. Gandhi is acknowledged as the Father of the Nation or Bapu due to his astonishing contributions towards the independence of India, by becoming an amazing freedom fighter who led India as a leader of Nationalism, against British rule. Gandhi was one of such that believed in nonviolence, the unity of people, and bringing spirituality upon Indian politics. He worked incrediblyRead MoreMan, Gandhi, Pope Francis, And Nelson Mandela808 Words à |à 4 Pagesto cause a lot of change. 3 men, Gandhi, Pope Francis, and Nelson Mandela were the people that provide d the Inspiration. Although Gandhi, Pope Francis, and Nelson Mandela all enticed change in different ways, they all demonstrated patience, persistence, and courage . Nelson Mandela enicted change in his persistent and Courageous ways, he formed armed resistances, spent time in prison, and led protests. According to Biography.com Editors ââ¬Å"In 1961, Nelson Mandela co-founded and became the first leaderRead MoreWangari Maathais Unbowed Essay1077 Words à |à 5 Pageswith. I found that Maathai drew many comparisons to Gandhi and Nelson Mandela. Two leaders that both fought for equality for their people Unbowed drew similarities to Marcos ââ¬Å"The Fourth World War,â⬠when Wangari explained Kenyaââ¬â¢s rapid change in the early 1960ââ¬â¢s and Alice Conklinââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"A Mission to Civilize.â⬠These are just some of the main themes that I found coincided with the Wangari Maathaiââ¬â¢s Unbowed. The reason I believe Maathai is similar to Gandhi is due to her acts of protest in 1990. When a groupRead MoreGandhi s Life And Legacy1578 Words à |à 7 Pagesincluding Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. Gandhi was a very influential and inspiring leader that was able to lead billions of people. He was willing to give up everything for what he believed in even though he knew that his actions could possibly lead to imprisonment and other legal consequences. Gandhiââ¬â¢s bravery and perseverance led to changes that affected and influenced the whole world and brought about positive change for people whose voices would have went unheard. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was bornRead MoreLeadership Styles : Nelson Mandela And Mahatma Gandhi s Peace Movement1209 Words à |à 5 Pagesleadership styles offers a foundation and direction that can be used in future conflicts to evolve positive change. Nelson Mandela and Mahatma Gandhi exemplified to the world that when disharmony shows its ugly face, there can be other ways to fight for change. Mandelaââ¬â¢s efforts in the South African Apartheid beginning in 1948 and ending in 1994, chose forceful recognition while Gandhi working in the Peace Movement beginning in 1893 and ending in 1914, lead his people in prayer, fasting and meditationRead MoreMark Mandela, Martin Luther King, Jr., And Mohandas Gandhi2100 Words à |à 9 Pageseras. However, three of the most popular leaders used this strategy to influence the world were: Nelson Mandela, Martin Luther King Jr., and Mohandas Gandhi. These men were three of the most influential leaders to use the non-violence strategy. Gand hi was the first man to use this strategy in his birthplace of India when they went in a battle with the British to fight for Indian independence. Gandhi believed that the people of India deserved to be their own person and have their own personality without
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Corporate Social Responsibility in Global Supply Chains
Question: Discuss about the Corporate Social Responsibility in Global Supply Chains. Answer: Introduction A literature review is usually an important test of the question under research against what is known about a particular topic. The role of a literature review is to find out what others have compiled in an area related to the topic under study (Flammer, 2013, p.775). Various public relations books, journal articles, corporate reports, internet articles and thesis have been published which address the topic of corporate social responsibility. For this test, specific scholarly sources will be analysed which discuss the subject of corporate social responsibility and the ecological environment. The reason for choosing these sources is because most scholars who have conducted research on corporate social responsibility area tend to generalize this study to a wider view and not to how it relates to the ecological environment. This research will, therefore, review relevant literature on corporate social responsibility and ecological environment. The topics to be covered will be; the defini tions in use, current approaches to corporate social responsibility, modern discoveries about the topic, key questions that are being asked, general conclusions that are being drawn and the application to organizations. Definitions in use There are various definitions used by different scholars. Corporate social responsibility covers the philanthropic, legal, economic and ethical expectations that the society has towards a given organization at a particular time (Carroll and Shabana, 2010, p.96). Another definition is that corporate social responsibility is doing more than what the law requires (Devinney, 2009, p.46). We can come to a conclusion based on the above definitions that corporate social responsibility is the voluntary obligation that the various organizations must have over their families and employees, the general public and the environment. Companies being socially responsible acts like a social regulation which is incorporated in a companys business model. It is viewed as very essential any given company and hence the adherence to corporate social responsibility is crucial for any business. The concept of being socially responsible is closely connected to ecology since every organization works in an ecosystem (Banerjee, 2008, p.55). Reducing the impact of the company on the environment should be the objective of corporate social responsibility. Discoveries have shown that many companies have emphasized on improved raw material procurement resulting in reduced industrial waste hence the impact of the waste on the environment is minimized. Nevertheless, it has been observed that many organizations seem to focus on the final production process and miss out on the major areas of concern. The practice of corporate social responsibility and its relation to industry ecology aim at reaching an optimum level of the various grou pings which exist in an organization. The strategy is concerned with the exchange of industrial wastes where it is possible to do so. It has been observed that the residue for one person can be the raw material for the other company. There has also been increased emphasis in this ecological system on usage of recycling, shared services, rainwater harvesting and valorisation of the by-products (Banerjee, 2008, p.60). Various governments are supporting corporate social responsibility by establishing industrial parks where the exchange of products and services can be achieved quickly without a major increase in cost. Although corporate social responsibility is an initiative that is voluntary, most organizations have used it for building its brand. The corporate social responsibility objective is to compensate for the harm done to the environment as a result of its activities. Many organizations and major stakeholders have developed a strategy towards corporate social responsibility and implemented it across the whole organization. Organizations are also becoming involved in corporate social responsibility because customers along the value chain are nowadays sensitive towards the ecology and the environment (Banerjee, 2008, p.68). Various issues are being asked concerning corporate social responsibility, and they have been analysed by Montiel in his article. One of the questions is; what are the measures taken by businesses taken to ensure that they are acting as responsible members of the society? In an essential trend in management, companies have taken part in voluntary activities to increase their compliance with the law. They have done this by issuing codes of conduct implying their commitments in various areas of legal compliance and business ethics. The other step has been developing management systems to assist them with compliance of these commitments and standardizing the systems (Montiel, 2008, p.248). Corporate social responsibility and shareholders reactions. Businesses have not acted alone in implementing these initiatives. They have worked with labour unions, governments and non-governmental organizations. Involvement with these groups has helped companies to formulate management methods and principles for addressing various issues (Flammer, 2013, p.768). The other key question is; how can corporate social initiatives be meaningful if they are not based on formal enforcement and restrictive laws? Some people feel that for companies to conduct social responsibility, rules should be put in place so as to make it a requirement for every organization to engage in it. Various scholars have emphasized that any form of conduct or misconduct goes beyond the laws statutes and cannot be written down in international agreements or contracts. On the contrary, they are willing to comply with a norm because these they perceive that it is appropriate and necessary. Without implied consent and agreement, standards and rules would be very costly to impl ement using methods that are accepted by democratic society (Flammer, 2013, p.775). Article the business case for social responsibility. Various conclusions have been drawn about corporate social responsibility by Carrol and Shabana. This is based on different roles that it plays in the society. One of the conclusions that can be drawn is that corporate social responsibility develops closer ties between the community and the corporations. It helps corporations to be seen as social assets since the perception that organizations are places to get employment and producers of services and goods (Carroll and Shabana, 2010, p.96) the second conclusion that can be drawn that it assist in getting talents. Organizations which have reputable corporate social responsibility can take advantage of their status and make their appeal as an attractive employer strong. It is also observed that when employees take their company's engagement in socially responsible behaviour more positively which makes them be committed in other areas that are connected to better performance. Confidence in senior management is also boosted as employees rank their company high in engaging in socially responsible activities. An organization's success in the business environment is mostly influenced by the employees' perception and by its capacity for innovation. It is also an important factor in retaining and attracting talents (Carrol and Shabana, 2010, p.101). The third conclusion that can be drawn is that corporate social responsibility helps in environmental protection. Many companies have made a significant commitment to conserve the environment since they view that environmental and financial performance can work together to boost organizations social reputation and growth (Carrol and Shabana, 2010, p.103). Devinney in his article address different areas where corporate social responsibility is applied in organizations. These areas are; sociology, economy, ethics and environment. On the area of economics, most scholars differ on the definition of what the companys liability involves. Devinney emphasizes the importance of the organization increasing profits instead of solving the social problems. The view is often criticized for one- dimensional view of its mission as well as simplifying the role of the business in the economic environment. Most researchers claim that the main role of the organization is supposed to be the need to have relevant skills so as to survive in an environment that is subject to change. Secondly, to have improvement that is ongoing. Third, they should be able to compete favourably. Fourth, creating an image of the company that is positive and ensure the quality use of innovative behaviour in the market (Devinney, 2009, p.47). Corporate social responsibility impl ementation results to parameters such as; the flow of investments and returns, the employment, manufacture of goods, transfer of technology and development of local entrepreneurship among others. The social area of corporate social responsibility covers the organizations responsibility towards the society taking into consideration the interests of customers, employees, suppliers, local community, and investors. The various business activities in this area should be concerned about issues such as job creation, social welfare, education and skills of employees and workplace safety. Human resources should be considered as valuable assets in every organization. The management of employees exposes the company to its staff a process aimed at making sure that the company has the right number of staff with necessary qualifications and also creating conditions which stimulate positive organizational behaviour (Devinney, 2009, p.52). Author; Basu and Palazzo; Article; corporate social responsibility The other in the area in which corporate social responsibility is applied in organizations is ecology. Contemporary change in the approach to protection of the environment is of fundamental importance. It takes into consideration both aesthetic qualities of the landscape and health conditions of life on earth. Today, the concern about the value of peoples lives and the natural environment is termed to be one of the essential social objectives. Implementation of social responsibility can be used to anticipate consequences of the future which are as a result of degradation of the environment and to avoid actions which might have an adverse impact on the environment. As a result of improved environmental awareness and the human society becoming sensitive on the issue of the environment, most companies have taken initiatives to protect the natural environment which has resulted in a positive corporate image (Basu and Palazzo, 2008, p.127). The ethical dimension focuses on organizations ethical and moral aspects. The ethical part of the organization involves focusing on the consequences of the various decisions made and being responsible for the consequences and is mostly motivated by the benefits that will be obtained by many even when it means losing some of its profits. In companies, ethics is normally known for introducing rules which are formal which are made in line with the law. Establishment of patterns of ethics of behaviour in an organization is a process that not only should guide on the acceptable targets and equip the human resources with the necessary skills in this area but should also control those activities and design an open communication system that is effective. (Basu and Palazzo, 2008, p.134). Conclusion Various researchers differ in various areas of corporate social responsibility. Most of them agree that corporate social responsibility is of fundamental significance hence should be embraced by all businesses. The scholars identify that leads to a good corporate image of the organization. However, there are various areas where the various scholars differ. Some feel that there should be a law that should be put in place so as to make the businesses more socially responsible. On the contrary, others believe that the business should do it out of personal conviction and should not be forced to do so (Banerjee, 2008, p.72). Various conclusions are being drawn about corporate social responsibility. The conclusions are that it assists the corporations to develop closer ties with the environment. This helps the society to look organizations as social assets rather that a source of employment and provider of goods and services. The other conclusion is that corporate social responsibility assists in developing talent as there is more innovation in companies that motivate their employees to improve their capabilities. A conclusion can be reached that being socially responsible helps in environmental protection as various organizations consider the effects of their actions on the surrounding environment (Flammer, 2013, p.773). Corporate social responsibility can be applied in different areas in organizations. The areas where it is applied include economic, ethical, sociology and ecology. The social area focuses on the companys responsibility towards its stakeholders (Devinney, 2009, p.52).The ecological area deals with how an organization deals with is environment it operates in. This enables a company to be more conscious when carrying out its processes. For instance, every company must have an environmentally friendly way of sewage disposal (Basu and Palazzo, 2008, p.127). In the economic area, business is viewed as not only for the purpose of making profits. It is supposed to give back to the society (Devinney, 2009, p.47). The ethical area involves the company taking responsibility for its actions no matter how negative they may be (Basu and Palazzo, 2008, p.134). A conclusion can be reached that businesses being socially responsible is very critical in today's business environment and hence any compan y which aims to remain competitive must embrace it. References Andersen, M., and Skjoett-Larsen, T., 2009. Corporate social responsibility in global supply chains. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 14(2), pp.75-86. Banerjee, S.B., 2008. Corporate social responsibility: The good, the bad and the ugly. Critical Sociology, 34(1), pp.51-79. Basu, K., and Palazzo, G., 2008. Corporate social responsibility: A process model of sensemaking. Academy of management review, 33(1), pp.122-136. Carroll, A.B., and Shabana, K.M., 2010. The business case for corporate social responsibility: A review of concepts, research and practice. International journal of management reviews, 12(1), pp.85-105. Crane, A., Matten, D. and Spence, L.J. eds., 2008. Corporate social responsibility: Readings and cases in a global context (pp. 5-37). London: Routledge. Devinney, T.M., 2009. Is the socially responsible corporation a myth? The good, the bad, and the ugly of corporate social responsibility. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 23(2), pp.44-56. Flammer, C., 2013. Corporate social responsibility and shareholder reaction: The environmental awareness of investors. Academy of Management Journal, 56(3), pp.758-781. Mlovics, G., Csign, N.N. and Kraus, S., 2008. The role of corporate social responsibility in strong sustainability. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 37(3), pp.907-918. Matten, D. and Moon, J., 2010. Corporate social responsibility education in Europe. Journal of business Ethics, 54(4), pp.323-337. Montiel, I., 2008. Corporate social responsibility and corporate sustainability separate pasts, common futures. Organization Environment, 21(3), pp.245-269. Lioui, A. and Sharma, Z., 2012. Environmental corporate social responsibility and financial performance: Disentangling direct and indirect effects. Ecological Economics, 78, pp.100-111. Orlitzky, M., Siegel, D.S. and Waldman, D.A., 2011. Strategic corporate social responsibility and environmental sustainability. Business Society, 50(1), pp.6-27. Peloza, J., and Shang, J., 2011. How can corporate social responsibility activities create value for stakeholders? A systematic review. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 39(1), pp.117-135. Smith, M.J., and Pangsapa, P., 2008. Environment and Citizenship: Integrating justice, responsibility and civic engagement. Zed books. Tang, L. and Li, H., 2009. Corporate social responsibility communication of Chinese and global corporations in China. Public Relations Review, 35(3), pp.199-212. Welford, R., 2013. Hijacking Environmentalism: Corporate responses to sustainable development. Routledge. Werther Jr, W.B. and Chandler, D., 2010. Strategic corporate social Responsibility: Stakeholders in a Global Environment. Sage Publications.
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